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  • GENE_NAME : CD21

    CD_NAME : CD21

    DESC: complement component (3d/Epstein Barr virus) receptor 2
    OTH_NAMES: C3DR; CD21
    CLONE_NAME ISO_TYPE SUBMITTER AVAILABLE_FROM
    B-ly4 IgG1  Poppema  BD Biosciences
    BU32 IgG1  Hardie  BioLegend
    BU33 IgG1  Hardie  AbD Serotec
    FK61 unknown Nozawa BioLegend
    1F8 IgG1 Tinsley Novus Biologicals
    21A/5 IgG1 Tinsley Novus Biologicals
    BU33 IgG1 Tinsley Novus Biologicals
    LT21 Mouse IgG1 Filatov EXBIO Praha
  • CLONE_NAME ISO_TYPE SUBMITTER AVAILABLE_FROM
    1F8 IgG1  Broe 
    5D1 IgG1  Zeijlemaker 
    21A/5 IgG1  Cordell 
    AB1 IgG2a  Kay 
    B2 IgM  Nadler 
    B2 (9) IgG2b  Nadler 
    B-G26 unknown  Clément 
    B-ly4 IgG1  Poppema  BD Biosciences
    BA-5 IgG2a  LeBien 
    BL10 IgG1  Wang 
    BL13 IgG1  Brochier 
    BL-OFX/D1 IgM  Fiebig 
    BU32 IgG1  Hardie  BioLegend
    BU33 IgG1  Hardie  AbD Serotec
    BU34 IgG1  Hardie 
    BU35 IgG2b  Johnson 
    BU36 IgG1  Johnson 
    BU37 IgG1  Hardie 
    BU42 IgM  Johnson 
    BU79 IgG1  Hardie 
    BU80 IgG1  Hardie 
    BU81 IgG1  Hardie 
    B-D6 IgG1 Vermot-Desroches
    B-E5 IgG2a Vermot-Desroches
    DR-53 IgG1  Delsol 
    F4B-8F1 IgG1  Poncelet 
    F4B-11EZ IgG1  Poncelet 
    F4B-11H5 IgG1  Poncelet 
    F74 IgG2a  LeBien 
    F97-6B3 (SB2) IgG1  Poncelet 
    FIP 6 IgG1  Briere 
    FIP 8 IgG1  Briere 
    FIP15 IgG1  Briere 
    FK61 unknown Nozawa BioLegend
    HB5 IgG2a  Tedder 
    HB5b IgG1  Tedder 
    HB5c IgG2a  Tedder 
    KS-8 IgG1  Sagawa 
    KS-9 IgG1  Sagawa 
    LT21 IgG1  Filatov 
    OKB1 IgG1  Ortho 
    OKB7 IgG2a  Ortho 
    TB3 IgG1  Müller 
    WEHI-B2 IgG2b  Boyd 
    Wu116 unknown  Wang 
    Wu196 IgG1  Wang 
    Wu251 IgG1  Wang 
    1F8 IgG1 Tinsley Novus Biologicals
    21A/5 IgG1 Tinsley Novus Biologicals
    BU33 IgG1 Tinsley Novus Biologicals
    LT21 Mouse IgG1 Filatov EXBIO Praha
  • STRUCTURE


    CD21 is a glycoprotein with a large extracellular domain, a transmembrane domain and a short cytoplasmic tail. The extracellular domain is constituted by 15 or 16 short consensus repeat in tandem and it displays the N-terminal region of the protein. The extracytoplasmic portion of the molecule can be cleaved giving rise to a soluble form of CD21. 1-2

    1. Frémeaux-Bacchi V, Kolb JP, Rakotobé S, Kazatchkine MD, Fischer EM. Functional properties of soluble CD21. Immunopharmacology. 1999;42:31-7.

    2. Weis JJ, Fearon DT, Klickstein LB, Wong WW, Richards SA, de Bruyn Kops A, Smith JA, Weis JH. Identification of a partial cDNA clone for the C3d/Epstein-Barr virus receptor of human B lymphocytes: homology with the receptor for fragments C3b and C4b of the third and fourth components of complement. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986;83:5639-43.4.

  • LIGANDS


    Extracellular

    CD231, the C3 fragments iC3b, C3d and C3dg2-4, the gp350/2202-5 and IFN-alpha.6 It forms a complex in cis with CD19, TAPA-1 and Leu-13.7-8 It also interacts in cis with CD35.9 CD21 is also the receptor of EBV5.

    1. Aubry JP, Pochon S, Graber P, Jansen KU, Bonnefoy JY. CD21 is a ligand for CD23 and regulates IgE production. Nature. 1992;358:505-7.

    2. Frémeaux-Bacchi V, Kolb JP, Rakotobé S, Kazatchkine MD, Fischer EM. Functional properties of soluble CD21. Immunopharmacology. 1999;42:31-7.

    3. Roozendaal R, Carroll MC. Complement receptors CD21 and CD35 in humoral immunity. Immunol Rev. 2007;219:157-66.

    4. van den Elsen JM, Isenman DE. A crystal structure of the complex between human complement receptor 2 and its ligand C3d. Science. 2011;332:608-11.

    5. Fingeroth JD, Weis JJ, Tedder TF, Strominger JL, Biro PA, Fearon DT. Epstein-Barr virus receptor of human B lymphocytes is the C3d receptor CR2. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984;81:4510-4.

    6. Asokan R, Hua J, Young KA, Gould HJ, Hannan JP, Kraus DM, Szakonyi G, Grundy GJ, Chen XS, Crow MK, Holers VM. Characterization of human complement receptor type 2 (CR2/CD21) as a receptor for IFN-alpha: a potential role in systemic lupus erythematosus.

    7. Matsumoto AK, Kopicky-Burd J, Carter RH, Tuveson DA, Tedder TF, Fearon DT. Intersection of the complement and immune systems: a signal transduction complex of the B lymphocyte-containing complement receptor type 2 and CD19. J Exp Med. 1991;173:55-64.

    8. Bradbury LE, Kansas GS, Levy S, Evans RL, Tedder TF. The CD19/CD21 signal transducing complex of human B lymphocytes includes the target of antiproliferative antibody-1 and Leu-13 molecules. J Immunol. 1992;149:2841-50.

    9. Tuveson DA, Ahearn JM, Matsumoto AK, Fearon DT. Molecular interactions of complement receptors on B lymphocytes: a CR1/CR2 complex distinct from the CR2/CD19 complex. J Exp Med. 1991;173:1083-9.

    Intracellular associate molecules

    The transmembrane domain of CD21 potentially binds to VAP-A and WDR1, whereas the cytoplasmic tail potentially interacts with AP4S1. ATP6AP2 is also a potential binding candidate.1

    1. Tessier J, Cuvillier A, Glaudet F, Khamlichi AA. Internalization and molecular interactions of human CD21 receptor. Mol Immunol. 2007;44:2415-25.


  • GENE_NAME : CD21

    CD_NAME : CD21

    CD21 is expressed on B lymphocytes and lymphoblasts as well as on thymocytes and on a fraction of T cells.1-3 Other cells that express CR2 are follicular dendritic cells4, epithelial cells and astrocytes.5-6

    1. Frémeaux-Bacchi V, Kolb JP, Rakotobé S, Kazatchkine MD, Fischer EM. Functional properties of soluble CD21. Immunopharmacology. 1999;42:31-7.

    2. Tsoukas CD, Lambris JD. Expression of CR2/EBV receptors on human thymocytes detected by monoclonal antibodies. Eur J Immunol. 1988;18:1299-302.

    3. Fischer E, Delibrias C, Kazatchkine MD. Expression of CR2 (the C3dg/EBV receptor, CD21) on normal human peripheral blood T lymphocytes. J Immunol. 1991;146:865-9.

    4. Liu YJ, Xu J, de Bouteiller O, Parham CL, Grouard G, Djossou O, de Saint-Vis B, Lebecque S, Banchereau J, Moore KW. Follicular dendritic cells specifically express the long CR2/CD21 isoform. J Exp Med. 1997;185:165-70.

    5. Sixbey JW, Davis DS, Young LS, Hutt-Fletcher L, Tedder TF, Rickinson AB. Human epithelial cell expression of an Epstein-Barr virus receptor. J Gen Virol. 1987;68:805-11.

    6. Gasque P, Chan P, Mauger C, Schouft MT, Singhrao S, Dierich MP, Morgan BP, Fontaine M. Identification and characterization of complement C3 receptors on human astrocytes. J Immunol. 1996;156:2247-55.


  • GENE_NAME : CD21

    CD_NAME : CD21

    CD21, along with CD19, is part of a complex that modulates the signal transduction of the BCR, lowering the threshold of activation of B cells. 1-3 A second function of CD21 consists of the retention of antigens in the membrane of follicular dendritic cells.4-7 This process is vital as the antigens exposed by follicular dendritic cells should be acquired by B cells during the germinal center reaction. 8 What is more, another role of CD21 is the transport of immune complexes to follicular dendritic cells either in the spleen or in the lymph node by marginal zone B cells or naïve B cells.9-11 Therefore, CD21 is necessary for the generation of an adequate immune response.12

    1. Carter RH, Fearon DT. CD19: lowering the threshold for antigen receptor stimulation of B lymphocytes. Science. 1992;256:105-7.

    2. Dempsey PW, Allison ME, Akkaraju S, Goodnow CC, Fearon DT. C3d of complement as a molecular adjuvant: bridging innate and acquired immunity. Science. 1996;271:348-50.

    3. Bradbury LE, Kansas GS, Levy S, Evans RL, Tedder TF. The CD19/CD21 signal transducing complex of human B lymphocytes includes the target of antiproliferative antibody-1 and Leu-13 molecules. J Immunol. 1992;149:2841-50.

    4. Brockman MA, Verschoor A, Zhu J, Carroll MC, Knipe DM. Optimal long-term humoral responses to replication-defective herpes simplex virus require CD21/CD35 complement receptor expression on stromal cells. J Virol. 2006;80:7111-7.

    5. Barrington RA, Pozdnyakova O, Zafari MR, Benjamin CD, Carroll MC. B lymphocyte memory: role of stromal cell complement and FcgammaRIIB receptors. J Exp Med. 2002;196:1189-99.

    6. Papamichail M, Gutierrez C, Embling P, Johnson P, Holborow EJ, Pepys MB. Complement dependence of localisation of aggregated IgG in germinal centres. Scand J Immunol. 1975;4:343-47.

    7. Fang Y, Xu C, Fu YX, Holers VM, Molina H. Expression of complement receptors 1 and 2 on follicular dendritic cells is necessary for the generation of a strong antigen-specific IgG response. J Immunol. 1998;160:5273-9.

    8. Oropallo MA, Cerutti A. Germinal center reaction: antigen affinity and presentation explain it all. Trends Immunol. 2014;35:287-9.

    9. Cinamon G, Zachariah MA, Lam OM, Foss FW Jr, Cyster JG. Follicular shuttling of marginal zone B cells facilitates antigen transport. Nat Immunol. 2008;9:54-62.

    10. Ferguson AR, Youd ME, Corley RB. Marginal zone B cells transport and deposit IgM-containing immune complexes onto follicular dendritic cells. Int Immunol. 2004;16:1411-22.

    11. Phan TG, Grigorova I, Okada T, Cyster JG. Subcapsular encounter and complement-dependent transport of immune complexes by lymph node B cells. Nat Immunol. 2007;8:992-1000.

    12. Hebell T, Ahearn JM, Fearon DT. Suppression of the immune response by a soluble complement receptor of B lymphocytes. Science. 1991;254:102-5.


  • GENE_NAME : CD21

    CD_NAME : CD21

    Cell marker

    CD21 can be used as a marker to differentiate B cell subtypes. 1-2 Furthermore, CD21 is a useful marker for classifying the B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia.3 In addition, CD21 can be used as a marker of prognosis in CLL and DLBCL.4-5

    1. Boldt A, Borte S, Fricke S, Kentouche K, Emmrich F, Borte M, Kahlenberg F, Sack U. Eight-color immunophenotyping of T-, B-, and NK-cell subpopulations for characterization of chronic immunodeficiencies. Cytometry B Clin Cytom. 2014;86:191-206.

    2. Kaminski DA, Wei C, Qian Y, Rosenberg AF, Sanz I. Advances in human B cell phenotypic profiling. Front Immunol. 2012;3:302.

    3. Van Dongen JJ, Lhermitte L, Böttcher S, Almeida J, van der Velden VH, Flores-Montero J, Rawstron A, Asnafi V, Lécrevisse Q, Lucio P, Mejstrikova E, Szczepański T, Kalina T, de Tute R, Brüggemann M, Sedek L, Cullen M, Langerak AW, Mendonça A, Macintyre E, Martin-Ayuso M, Hrusak O, Vidriales MB, Orfao A; EuroFlow Consortium (EU-FP6, LSHB-CT-2006-018708). EuroFlow antibody panels for standardized n-dimensional flow cytometric immunophenotyping of normal, reactive and malignant leukocytes. Leukemia. 2012;26:1908-75.

    4. Nichols EM, Jones R, Watson R, Pepper CJ, Fegan C, Marchbank KJ. A CD21 low phenotype, with no evidence of autoantibodies to complement proteins, is consistent with a poor prognosis in CLL. Oncotarget. 2015;6:32669-80.

    5. Otsuka M, Yakushijin Y, Hamada M, Hato T, Yasukawa M, Fujita S. Role of CD21 antigen in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and its clinical significance. Br J Haematol. 2004;127:416-24.

    Therapeutic

    To our knowledge, only one antibody targeting CD21, OKB7, has been studied. This antibody has been tested, labeled with iodine, in phase I studies of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Positive antitumor responses were detected in 13 out of 18 patients which suggests that CD21 might be a novel therapeutic approach in non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma.1-2

    On the other hand, a different therapy is the CD21-targeted complement inhibitor which consists of a fusion protein of a complement inhibitor bound to a C3 binding region of CD21.3 Beneficial effects have already been reported using this approach in murine models of atherosclerosis or arthritis.3-4

    1. Czuczman MS, Straus DJ, Divgi CR, Graham M, Garin-Chesa P, Finn R, Myers J, Old LJ, Larson SM, Scheinberg DA. Phase I dose-escalation trial of iodine 131-labeled monoclonal antibody OKB7 in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. J Clin Oncol. 1993;11:2021-9.

    2. Scheinberg DA, Straus DJ, Yeh SD, Divgi C, Garin-Chesa P, Graham M, Pentlow K, Coit D, Oettgen HF, Old LJ. A phase I toxicity, pharmacology, and dosimetry trial of monoclonal antibody OKB7 in patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: effects of tumor burden and antigen expression. J Clin Oncol. 1990;8:792-803.

    3. Song H, He C, Knaak C, Guthridge JM, Holers VM, Tomlinson S. Complement receptor 2-mediated targeting of complement inhibitors to sites of complement activation. J Clin Invest. 2003;111:1875-85.

    4. Song H, Qiao F, Atkinson C, Holers VM, Tomlinson S. A complement C3 inhibitor specifically targeted to sites of complement activation effectively ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis in DBA/1J mice. J Immunol. 2007;179:7860-7.


  • GENE_NAME : CD21

    CD_NAME : CD21

    GENERAL_INFORMATION

    NCBI_NAME CR2
    NCBI_OTHER_NAME C3DR; CD21
    SWISS_NAMES CR2_HUMAN
    DESC complement component (3d/Epstein Barr virus) receptor 2

    LOCUS_INFO_LINKS

    HGNC_LOCUS_TAG: 2336
    ONLINE_MENDELIAN_INHERITANCE: 120650
    NCBI_HOMOLOGENE: 55611
    NCBI_MAP: 1q32
    NCBI_ENTRE_GENE_ENTRY: 1380
    GENE_SIZE: 35539
    EN_GE_EN:
    MRNA_SEQ_LENGTH: 3987
    PRCORENC: 95 to 3196
    ENTREN: ENST00000367057
    PROTEIN_LENGTH_NCBI_REFSEQ: 1034
    NCBI_REF_SEF_ENTRY: NP_001868 , 42544177
    PROTEIN_LENGTH_SWISPROT: 1033
    ENSEMBLE_PROT_ENTRY: ENSP00000356024
    PR_MO_WEIGHT: 112973
    SWPROT_PROTEIN_ENTRY: CR2_HUMAN , P20023
    PR_SW_PR: 7.65
    IPI_NUMBER: IPI00292859
    NCBI_CONSV_DOMAINS: 42544177
    ENSM_NUMBER: P20023

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